quarta-feira, 28 de setembro de 2011

Banks get ready for Greek failure to pay debt

At meetings here in Washington, the group of twenty leading nations have been working on plans to deal with the potential damage from a Greek default.
A lot of their efforts have been focused on the banking system. If Greece were allowed to go bust, the bonds that banks hold would become worthless.
German and French banks are most at risk. So there's been lots of talk here in Washington on how to inject more capital to shore them up.
The other big worry is that if Greece defaulted, the financial markets would start turning on other countries. If Italy or Spain were to come under pressure, those here say there isn't enough cash available to help them.
That's why finance ministers are working on building a firewall around Greece to stop the situation from getting that far.

Michelle Fleury, BBC News



default failure  - to pay back debts
to go bust  - to go bankrupt, to have no money to pay debts
bonds -  certificates of debt issued by a government or corporation
worthless -  of no value
at risk  - exposed to the possibility of losing money
to inject -  to introduce, to put into
to shore them up - to support them
turning on -  attacking or criticizing suddenly and unexpectedly
to come under pressure -  to be affected by the crisis
a firewall - a barrier to prevent the spread

terça-feira, 23 de agosto de 2011

Indonesian track treatment

People suffering from various ailments in Indonesia's capital Jakarta have been using an unusual and potentially deadly therapy.

They claim lying on train tracks allows an electric current to pass through their bodies curing a variety of illnesses.

The trains are in fact powered by overhead lines.

Despite this, and the obvious dangers, some people believe it is the best and most affordable remedy.

Exercise


Use one of the words or phrases below to complete each of these sentences.
Note that you may have to change the form of a word to complete the sentence correctly.
ailments / therapy / claim / curing / remedy

1 They _________ to be a variety of different nationalities and speak English with a foreign accent.

2 New European Union rules have come into force banning hundreds of traditional herbal _______________.
The EU law aims to protect consumers from possible damaging side-effects of over-the-counter herbal medicines.

3It also showed that many chose the wrong drugs to tackle common _________.

4Music __________ can be used to improve treatment of depression, at least in the short term, say researchers in Finland.

5Church-appointed doctors agreed that there was no medical explanation for the _______ of the nun.

(answers: next post)

Vocabulary
ailments:
illnesses, usually not very serious
therapy:treatment for a medical problem
claim:say that something is true although it has not been proved and many people don't believe it
curing:making better, healing. The related noun is 'a cure'.
remedy:'a remedy' is something which helps a non-serious medical problem get better. It can also used to refer to a solution to a problem or difficult situation.

domingo, 31 de julho de 2011

Delays cloud Brazil's 2014 World Cup preparations

Supporter holds sign reading "See you in Brazil in 2014"No one doubts that the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, the country of football and the nation of partying, will be memorable. But there are doubts over how well organised it will be.
Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva reacted angrily to concerns voiced by officials from football's governing body Fifa, after the end of this year's World Cup, that Brazil was still far from ready to host the tournament in four years' time.
"There are already people asking where are Brazil's airports, buses, railways and stadiums? They talk as if we were a bunch of idiots who don't know what we have to do nor how to define priorities", said President Lula at the launch of a high-speed train set to link Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
But the fact is that Brazil does not have much to show more than 30 months after it learned it would host the 2014 World Cup.

Aerial view of Maracana Stadium, Rio de Janeiro - file photo from 2009There have been severe delays in all 12 cities chosen to stage matches, particularly in the construction of stadiums and upgrading of airports. Brazil is experiencing one of its best economic periods in decades, so there are resources to carry out the necessary works.


However, there is a lot of red tape to cut through, as well as politics, as most of the investment will be made with public money.

Expensive delay

"I am not so worried about the arenas because you can build a stadium in 30 months after you have an engineering project ready, and we have 47 months to the World Cup," says Jose Roberto Bernasconi, president of the National Association of Engineering and Architecture Companies.
"But airports are a more complicated matter and I think that is our main problem nowadays," he said.
Pele celebrates with teammates during Brazil's 4-1 win over Italy in the 1970 World Cup final Brazil has won the World Cup five times (including in 1970, above)
 
"The problem is all airports are state run. We should have established long ago public-private partnerships to invest in the airports."
Mr Bernasconi points out that the longer the delay, the more expensive the construction will be.
"The PanAmerican Games in Rio de Janeiro (in 2007) had an initial budget of some $270m but ended up at least three times as expensive because things were left to the last moment."
In Brazil most people believe that the county will be able to organise the World Cup but there are concerns about how well the money will be used.
"We always hear so much about corruption in politics, in Brazilian football. And there is so much money involved in a World Cup that it will tempt many people," says student Daniela Mendes.
"But if South Africa managed to do it, why wouldn't we?"

Brazil 2014 World Cup

The 2014 World Cup is heading to Brazil. In less than 4 years, the greatest football spectacle of them all will be heading to the country that introduced the notion of the beautiful game. For the first time in 64 years, football’s biggest event will grace Brazil’s shores and a feast of football is sure to be served up in front of passionate crowds. True, there is the small matter of the World Cup in South Africa in 2010 to contend with first, but football fans across Brazil and indeed the world are rubbing their hands in anticipation of the 2014 Brazil World Cup.
Who will be there? Who will be defending champions? These are questions we have no answers to. Yet. Follow the route to the Brazil World Cup in 2014 with us as we will keep you up to date with all the ups and downs right up until the trophy is lifted at the end of the 2014 Brazil World Cup.

World Cup Facts and Figures

World Cup Facts: At just 17 years and 41 days, Norman Whiteside became the youngest player ever to play in a finals match when he faced Yugoslavia for Northern Ireland in 1982.
Ronaldo of Brazil is the all time leading goalscorer in World Cup finals with 15 goals, yet France’s Just Fontaine holds the record for the most goals in a single tournament with 13 in 1958.

quarta-feira, 15 de junho de 2011

Bad news for Australian economy

It's contributed to a 1.2 % fall in GDP, the biggest contraction in the Australian economy in twenty years.

With rail lines buckled by flood waters and digging brought to a halt at many mines, coal exports from Queensland were particularly severely hit.
The Australian economy has also been badly affected by the Japanese earthquake and tsunami. Japan is the country's second biggest trading partner.

On top of all that, the Australian dollar has been at its highest levels against the US dollar since first being floated in the 1980s, which has also hit exporters.

Australia managed to avoid recession after the global financial crisis, earning it the nickname 'the wonder from down under'. And most economists think this figure is a one-off blip.
Asian demand for Australian resources, like iron ore and coal, should help the economy rebound, and the prediction is for a resumption of strong growth by the end of the year.


Vocabulary

resources-rich
an area which contains a large amount of valuable minerals and crops

bottom line

the final calculated amount of money that is profit or loss

contributed to

been partly responsible for

buckled

bent and twisted

brought to a halt

stopped

On top of all that

As well as all those other negative things

down under

an expression that means Australia

a one-off blip

a single bad result which won't be repeated

rebound

return to its previous healthy condition

a resumption of

a restarting o

terça-feira, 17 de maio de 2011

Phrasal Verbs com 'take'



TAKE APART  - desmontarIn order to fix the machine you have to take it apart. [Para consertar a máquina, você tem que desmontá-la.]

TAKE AWAY  - tirar
Take it away from here. [Tira isso daqui.]

TAKE BACK  - devolver
You should take back your purchase if you are not satisfied. [Você deve devolver a mercadoria, se não estiver satisfeito com ela.]

TAKE OFF  - tirar [geralmente usado com roupas e acessórios de vestimenta]
Hang up your coat in the closet after you take it off. [Pendure seu casaco no armário, depois de tirá-lo.]

TAKE OVER  - assumir [uma pessoa assumir a posição de outra]
Our teacher is leaving and a new one is taking over next week. [Nossa professora vai embora e uma nova assumirá semana que vem.]

TAKE UP - começar [um curso, um emprego, etc]
 I'm planning to take up English next semester. [Estou planejando começar a estudar inglês no próximo semestre.]

É isto ai pessoal. Lembrem-se, porém, que há vários phrasal verbs com take e alguns dos phrasal verbs acima possuem outros significados. Os que ai estão são apenas uma forma de ajudar você a melhorar o seu vocabulário.

quarta-feira, 4 de maio de 2011

Algumas Curiosidades sobre a Irlanda

Você já pensou em ir para a Irlanda? Já se perguntou um pouco sobre este país que de uns tempos para cá começou a receber cada vez mais atenção em termos de intercâmbio e turismo? No post de hoje quero apenas contar para vocês algumas curiosidades interessantes. Espero que gostem!

Para começar saiba que a Irlanda é a terceira maior ilha da Europa. Também conhecida como Ilha Esmeralda. Isto se deve ao fato de ela ser muito verde por causa das chuvas. Ela é também famosa por seus lindos campos, belos chalés e paisagens perfeitas. Enfim, uma ilha extremamente linda!

Em se tratando de língua, é bom saber que a Irlanda tem duas línguas oficiais: o inglês e o gaélico (também chamado de “Irish”). Poucas pessoas falam gaélico corretamente, mas todos são obrigados a estudar esta língua na escola.

Na Irlanda, os motoristas também dirigem do lado direito do veículo e do lado esquerdo da rua. Ou seja, o mesmo padrão que na Inglaterra. E totalmente ao contrário para nós!

 Se você um dia for à Irlanda não se assuste se for ao supermercado e não tiver uma pessoa no caixa para atendê-lo. Em alguns supermercados as máquinas substituíram as pessoas. Portanto, é comum encontrar caixas self-service, nos quais o cliente mesmo passa as compras, coloca o dinheiro, pega a nota fiscal e o troco, empacota tudo e vai embora.

A próxima curiosidade parece mentira, mas não é! Juro que é verdade! Você sabia que na Irlanda não tem cobras? É sério! Você jamais vai encontrar esse réptil por lá. Diz a lenda que Saint Patrick, padroeiro do país, expulsou todas as cobras da ilha e elas nunca mais voltaram.

A Irlanda possui um monte de gente famosa internacionalmente. Alguns destes são: Pierce Brosnan, Colin Farrell, Enya, Damien Rice, U2, The Cranberries, The Corrs, Westlife, Samuel Beckett, James Joyce, Oscar Wilde e ainda outros.

Uma coisa legal de saber é que por lá não existe conta de água para residências. Isto significa que você vai tomar banho e não vai pagar pela água. Mas não é por isso que deve desperdiçar esse bem precioso. Na Irlanda, somente as empresas pagam pelo fornecimento do recurso.

No café da manhã os irlandeses costumam comer um tipo de feijão que vem enlatado com molho de tomate e tem gosto levemente adocicado.

Vale lembrar que as diferenças culturais são uma grande riqueza e conhecer mais sobre elas traz sempre algo positivo. Em breve, conto para vocês um pouco sobre o inglês falado na Irlanda. Tem curiosidades bem interessantes também no jeito como eles usam a língua por lá. Bye bye! Take care!

sexta-feira, 22 de abril de 2011

Backpacker

Backpacker,  ou mochileiro em português são pessoas que praticam o "backpacking", que é uma cultura que abrange pessoas entre 16 e 80 anos, que viajam explorando o mundo, na maioria das vezes, com uma verba limitada de dinheiro, uma mochila nas costas e desejo de conhecer novos lugares e cultura.
Eles procuram lugares exóticos e têm uma maneira peculiar de observar as paisagens e o ambiente dos locais visitados. Dormem em albergues da juventude, utilizam serviços de hospitalidade grátis e compram alimentos e bebidas em supermercados ou pequenos restaurantes locais. São geralmente muito sociais e, a todo o momento, fazem amizades com outros mochileiros pela estrada e com os habitantes das localidades visitadas.
Abaixo, você verá algumas regras sobre backpacking, mas antes, vamos aprender algumas palavras e expressões para compreender o texto:

  • 20-bed dorm = mochileiros costumam hospedar-se com outros mochileiros, dividindo o espaço e assim tendo opções mais baratas de acomodação. Os albergues e lugares que são preparados especificamente para mochileiros, se dividem em dormitórios, normalmente com 4 camas (4-bed dorm), 8 camas (8-bed dorm), até 20 (20-bed dorm) ou mais camas.
  • to book = agendar, reservar
  • lone traveler = é o viajante solitário, que embarcou em uma aventura sozinho e que ao longo do percurso conhece outras pessoas, outros "lone travelers" e faz novas amizades.
  • fears = medos, receios
Follow some phrases, sentences, or thoughts that can only be learned through the experience of Backpacking:
  • Backpacker Rule #1: DO NOT book a 20-bed dorm
  • Backpacker Rule #2: lone traveler with no plans + lone traveler with no plans = instant friend
  • Backpacker Rule #3: An open door is made to be entered
  • Backpacker Rule #4: Check the time on the ticket
  • Backpacker Rule #5: Leave your fears at home
  • Backpacker Rule #6: Today's miseries are tomorrow's memories.
  • Backpacker Rule #7: Keep a travel journal. A picture is worth a thousand words, but a word can bring back a thousand pictures
  • Backpacker Rule #8: There is no place that you HAVE to be.
  • Backpacker Rule #9: Don't be such a guy. Ask for help (sometimes)
  • Backpacker Rule #10: Learn from all the mistakes you made along the way, and you'll be all the wiser.
  • Backpacker Rule #11: A journey of a thousand miles, begins with a single step.
So, how about going backpacking?

terça-feira, 19 de abril de 2011

Expressões e Gírias em New York

New York, a maior cidade do EUA, tem o que podemos classificar como sua própria versão do inglês. Os Nova-Iorquinos sabem facilmente quem é da região e quem não é pelo sotaque e pelas gírias usadas por cada um. Minha intenção hoje é ajudar você a conhecer algumas e assim quem saber reconhecer um nova-iorquino ao falar com ele. Anote aí:


  • My Bad (um jeito de se desculpar) - Foi mal!
  • Jeet yet? (Did you eat yet?) - Forma realmente descontraída de se dizer "você já comeu?".
  • Scumbag (usado para dizer que alguém é imprestável, um lixo) - Escória! Inútil! Gentalha!
  • In a walk (é uma coisa fácil de conseguir ou acontecer) - Num estralar de dedos. Ex.: A foreigner can get lost in São Paulo in a walk. (Um estrangeiro se perde em São Paulo num estralar de dedos.)
  • Stand on line - Enquanto a maioria dos Americanos stand in line, os Nova Iorquinos dizem stand on line. Se você quiser se misturar e soar como um nativo, diga o mesmo!
  • Hero - Em Nova Iorque, você deve ir a um restaurante e pedir um hero. Não se preocupe, o garçom não vai te olhar como se você fosse louco. Só não espere receber um homem bravo e corajoso. Um hero é como eles chamam um grande sanduíche Italiano na baguete.
  • Do me a solid - Se alguém lhe perguntar, Hey can you do me a solid?, lembre-se de descobrir o que é antes de concordar! Na verdade, estão lhe pedindo um favor.
  • All right already! - Essa frase é usada quando se está nervoso! É um outro jeito de dizer "Chega! Pare com isso!" Por exemplo,"All right already! I'll do you a solid. Just stop bothering me!"
Estes são certamente alguns dos linguajares típicos dos nova-iorquinos. Algo que você pode ouvir em filmes, seriados, conversas informais, etc. Portanto, fique antento a elas; afinal, nunca se sabe com quem falaremos inglês a qualquer momento. See ya!

sexta-feira, 8 de abril de 2011

'Cool' Roofs Could Combat Climate Change

 
Light-colored rooftops and roads could significantly cut emissions and combat global climate change by cooling cities and the world, researchers say.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California say cool roofs and cool pavements in cities around the world could cancel the heating effect of up to two years of worldwide carbon dioxide emissions, ScienceDaily.com reported Tuesday.
U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu has announced efforts at the Department of Energy to implement cool roof technologies on department facilities and on buildings across the federal government, ScienceDaily said.
"Cool roofs are one of the quickest and lowest cost ways we can reduce our global carbon emissions and begin the hard work of slowing climate change," said Chu.
Berkeley Lab researchers found that increasing the reflectivity of roof and pavement materials in cities with a population greater than 1 million would achieve a one-time offset of CO2 emissions double the worldwide CO2 emissions levels in 2006.
"These offsets help delay warming that would otherwise take place if actual CO2 emissions are not reduced," Berkeley Lab scientist Surabi Menon said.
"Cool roofs have worked for thousands of years in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cities, where demand for air conditioning is low," Menon's colleague Hashem Akbari said. "If you have a cool roof on your house, that will reduce your energy use from air conditioning and it's a gift that keeps on giving for many, many years, for the life of the roof."

Offsets
1.Architecture: A ledge or recess in a wall formed by a reduction in thickness above;
2. Botany: A shoot that develops laterally at the base of a plant, often rooting to form a new plant.
3. Geology: A spur of a mountain range or hills.
4.General: An agent, element, or thing that balances or compensates for something else.
5. A carbon offset: is a financial instrument aimed at a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

sábado, 19 de março de 2011

London's Olympic Park is nearly finished

If you go down to East London today, you’ll notice a transformation. Three years ago, this area of Stratford was an urban wasteland.

500 days to go, and London's Olympic Park is taking shape. The velodrome is finished, they're tiling the diving pool, and the stadium seats are in and covered up to protect them from the London weather.

At its heart are more than five miles of newly opened waterways. These used to be big, industrial canals, and then they fell into disrepair.

But they run almost like arteries across the whole Olympic site. The stadium there sits on an island, completely surrounded by water, and what's fantastic is to see them coming back to life. So often, water in London is used and abused, and this – it's being cherished.
When the diggers have gone, there'll be a new urban park here in Stratford – the biggest to be built in Europe for 150 years. A quarter of a million new wetland plants have gone in, and 4,000 new trees.


                                                                    

                                            Vocabulary

a
a transformation = a complete change
an urban wasteland =  area of land (in a city or town) which is unused, and is not
in a good condition
taking shape = here, starting to look almost complete or finished
velodrome = sports arena where cyclists compete on a circular track
tiling = here, installing tiles on the floor and sides of
at its heart = at the centre of it
waterways = here, canals or man-made channels of water, which will be
used for water sports

industrial canals = large channels of water used by businesses to transport
goods by boat or barge

arteries = here, links or connections (arteries are tubes which carry
blood from the heart to the rest of a person's body)

cherished = taken care of

sábado, 5 de março de 2011

IT´S CARNIVAL !!!!

                    The Carnival of Brazil (Portuguese: Carnaval) is an annual festival held forty-six days before Easter. On certain days of Lent, Roman Catholics and some other Christians traditionally abstained from the consumption of meat and poultry, hence the term "carnival," from carnelevare, "to remove (literally, "raise") meat." Carnival celebrations are believed to have roots in the pagan festival of Saturnalia, which, adapted to Christianity, became a farewell to bad things in a season of religious discipline to practice repentance and prepare for Christ's death and resurrection.
                Rhythm, participation, and costumes vary from one region of Brazil to another. In the southeastern cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, huge organized parades are led by samba schools. Those official parades are meant to be watched by the public, while minor parades ("blocos") allowing public participation can be found in other cities. The northeastern cities of Salvador, Porto Seguro and Recife have organized groups parading through streets, and public interacts directly with them. This carnival is heavily influenced by African-Brazilian culture. Crowds follow the trio elétricos floats through the city streets. Also in northeast, Olinda carnival features unique characteristics, part influenced by Venice Carnival mixed with cultural depictions of local folklore.
              Carnival is the most famous holiday in Brazil and has become an event of huge proportions. The country stops completely for almost a week and festivities are intense, day and night, mainly in coastal cities. The consumption of beer accounts for 80% of annual consumption and tourism receives 70% of annual visitors. The government distributes condoms and launches awareness campaigns at this time to prevent the spread of AIDS.

Now let´s take a look at Carnival in other places ....

                                                                              Venice

New Orleans

terça-feira, 1 de março de 2011

The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
The Final Problem



     It is with a heavy heart that I take up my pen to write these the last words in which I shall ever record the singular gifts by which my friend Mr. Sherlock Holmes was distinguished. In an incoherent and, as I deeply feel, an entirely inadequate fashion, I have endeavored to give some account of my strange experiences in his company from the chance which first brought us together at the period of the "Study in Scarlet," up to the time of his interference in the matter of the "Naval Treaty"—and interference which had the unquestionable effect of preventing a serious international complication.
      It was my intention to have stopped there, and to have said nothing of that event which has created a void in my life which the lapse of two years has done little to fill. My hand has been forced, however, by the recent letters in which Colonel James Moriarty defends the memory of his brother, and I have no choice but to lay the facts before the public exactly as they occurred. I alone know the absolute truth of the matter, and I am satisfied that the time has come when on good purpose is to be served by its suppression.
      As far as I know, there have been only three accounts in the public press: that in the Journal de Genève on May 6th, 1891, the Reuters dispatch in the English papers on May 7th, and finally the recent letter to which I have alluded. Of these the first and second were extremely condensed, while the last is, as I shall now show, an absolute perversion of the facts.
      It lies with me to tell for the first time what really took place between Professor Moriarty and Mr. Sherlock Holmes. It may be remembered that after my marriage, and my subsequent start in private practice, the very intimate relations which had existed between Holmes and myself became to some extent modified. He still came to me from time to time when he desired a companion in his investigation, but these occasions grew more and more seldom, until I find that in the year 1890 there were only three cases of which I retain any record. During the winter of that year and the early spring of 1891, I saw in the papers that he had been engaged by the French government upon a matter of supreme importance, and I received two notes from Holmes, dated from Narbonne and from Nimes, from which I gathered that his stay in France was likely to be a long one.
      It was with some surprise, therefore, that I saw him walk into my consulting-room upon the evening of April 24th. It struck me that he was looking even paler and thinner than usual. "Yes, I have been using myself up rather too freely," he remarked, in answer to my look rather than to my words; "I have been a little pressed of late. Have you any objection to my closing your shutters?"
      The only light in the room came from the lamp upon the table at which I had been reading. Holmes edged his way round the wall and flinging the shutters together, he bolted them securely.
      "You are afraid of something?" I asked.
      "Well, I am."
      "Of what?"
      "Of air-guns."
      "My dear Holmes, what do you mean?"
      "I think that you know me well enough, Watson, to understand that I am by no means a nervous man. At the same time, it is stupidity rather than courage to refuse to recognize danger when it is close upon you. Might I trouble you for a match?" He drew in the smoke of his cigarette as if the soothing influence was grateful to him.
      "I must apologize for calling so late," said he, "and I must further beg you to be so unconventional as to allow me to leave your house presently by scrambling over your back garden wall."
      "But what does it all mean?" I asked.
      He held out his hand, and I saw in the light of the lamp that two of his knuckles were burst and bleeding. "It is not an airy nothing, you see," said he, smiling. "On the contrary, it is solid enough for a man to break his hand over. Is Mrs. Watson in?"
      "She is away upon a visit."
      "Indeed! You are alone?"
      "Quite."
      "Then it makes it the easier for me to propose that you should come away with me for a week to the Continent."
      "Where?"
      "Oh, anywhere. It's all the same to me."
      There was something very strange in all this. It was not Holmes's nature to take an aimless holiday, and something about his pale, worn face told me that his nerves were at their highest tension.
      He saw the question in my eyes, and, putting his fingertips together and his elbows upon his knees, he explained the situation. "You have probably never heard of Professor Moriarty?" said he.
      "Never."
      "Aye, there's the genius and the wonder of the thing!" he cried. "The man pervades London, and no one has heard of him. That's what puts him on a pinnacle in the records of crime. I tell you, Watson, in all seriousness, that if I could beat that man, if I could free society of him, I should feel that my own career had reached its summit, and I should be prepared to turn to some more placid line in life. Between ourselves, the recent cases in which I have been of assistance to the royal family of Scandinavia, and to the French republic, have left me in such a position that I could continue to live in the quiet fashion which is most congenial to me, and to concentrate my attention upon my chemical researches. But I could not rest, Watson, I could not sit quiet in my chair, if I thought that such a man as Professor Moriarty were walking the streets of London unchallenged."
      "What has he done, then?"
      "His career has been an extraordinary one. He is a man of good birth and excellent education, endowed by nature with a phenomenal mathematical faculty. At the age of twenty-one he wrote a treatise upon the Binomial Theorem, which has had a European vogue. On the strength of it he won the Mathematical Chair at one of our smaller universities, and had, to all appearance, a most brilliant career before him. But the man had hereditary tendencies of the most diabolical kind. A criminal strain ran in his blood, which, instead of being modified, was increased and rendered infinitely more dangerous by his extraordinary mental powers. Dark rumors gathered round him in the university town, and eventually he was compelled to resign his chair and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach. So much is known to the world, but what I am telling you now is what I have myself discovered.
      "As you are aware, Watson, there is no one who knows the higher criminal world of London so well as I do. For years past I have continually been conscious of some power behind the malefactor, some deep organizing power which forever stands in the way of the law, and throws its shield over the wrongdoer. Again and again in cases of the most varying sorts—forgery cases, robberies, murders—I have felt the presence of this force, and I have deduced its action in many of those undiscovered crimes in which I have not been personally consulted. For years I have endeavored to break through the veil which shrouded it, and at last the time came when I seized my thread and followed it, until it led me, after a thousand cunning windings, to ex-Professor Moriarty of mathematical celebrity.
      "He is the Napoleon of crime, Watson. He is the organizer of half that is evil and of nearly all that is undetected in this great city. He is a genius, a philosopher, an abstract thinker. He has a brain of the first order. He sits motionless, like a spider in the center of its web, but that web has a thousand radiations, and he knows well every quiver of each of them. He does little himself. He only plans. But his agents are numerous and splendidly organized. Is there a crime to be done, a paper to be abstracted, we will say, a house to be rifled, a man to be removed—the word is passed to the Professor, the matter is organized and carried out. The agent may be caught. In that case money is found for his bail or his defense But the central power which uses the agent is never caught—never so much as suspected. This was the organization which I deduced, Watson, and which I devoted my whole energy to exposing and breaking up.
      "But the Professor was fenced round with safeguards so cunningly devised that, do what I would, it seemed impossible to get evidence which would convict in a court of law. You know my powers, my dear Watson, and yet at the end of three months I was forced to confess that I had at last met an antagonist who was my intellectual equal. My horror at his crimes was lost in my admiration at his skill. But at last he made a trip—only a little, little trip—but it was more than he could afford when I was so close upon him. I had my chance, and, starting from that point, I have woven my net round him until now it is all ready to close. In three days—that is to say, on Monday next—matters will be ripe, and the Professor, with all the principal members of his gang, will be in the hands of the police. Then will come the greatest criminal trial of the century, the clearing up of over forty mysteries, and the rope for all of them; but if we move at all prematurely, you understand, they may slip out of our hands even at the last moment.
      "Now, if I could have done this without the knowledge of Professor Moriarty, all would have been well. But he was too wily for that. He saw every step which I took to draw my toils round him. Again and again he strove to break away, but I as often headed him off. I tell you, my friend, that if a detailed account of that silent contest could be written, it would take its place as the most brilliant bit of thrust-and-parry work in the history of detection. Never have I risen to such a height, and never have I been so hard pressed by an opponent. He cut deep, and yet I just undercut him. This morning the last steps were taken, and three days only were wanted to complete the business. I was sitting in my room thinking the matter over, when the door opened and Professor Moriarty stood before me.
      "My nerves are fairly proof, Watson, but I must confess to a start when I saw the very man who had been so much in my thoughts standing there on my threshold. His appearance was quite familiar to me. He is extremely tall and thin, his forehead domes out in a white curve, and his two eyes are deeply sunken in this head. He is clean-shaven, pale, and ascetic-looking, retaining something of the professor in his features. His shoulders are rounded from much study, and his face protrudes forward, and is forever slowly oscillating from side to side in a curiously reptilian fashion. He peered at me with great curiosity in his puckered eyes.
      "'You have less frontal development that I should have expected,' said he, at last. 'It is a dangerous habit to finger loaded firearms in the pocket of one's dressing-gown.'
      "The fact is that upon his entrance I had instantly recognized the extreme personal danger in which I lay. The only conceivable escape for him lay in silencing my tongue. In an instant I had slipped the revolved from the drawer into my pocket, and was covering him through the cloth. At his remark I drew the weapon out and laid it cocked upon the table. He still smiled and blinked, but there was something about his eyes which made me feel very glad that I had it there.
      "'You evidently don't know me,' said he.
      "'On the contrary,' I answered, 'I think it is fairly evident that I do. Pray take a chair. I can spare you five minutes if you have anything to say.'
      "'All that I have to say has already crossed your mind,' said he.
      "'Then possibly my answer has crossed yours,' I replied.
      "'You stand fast?'
      "'Absolutely.'
      "He clapped his hand into his pocket, and I raised the pistol from the table. But he merely drew out a memorandum-book in which he had scribbled some dates.
      "'You crossed my patch on the 4th of January,' said he. 'On the 23d you incommoded me; by the middle of February I was seriously inconvenienced by you; at the end of March I was absolutely hampered in my plans; and now, at the close of April, I find myself placed in such a position through your continual persecution that I am in positive danger of losing my liberty. The situation is becoming an impossible one.'
     
My dear Watson [it said],
I write these few lines through the courtesy of Mr. Moriarty, who awaits my convenience for the final discussion of those questions which lie between us. He has been giving me a sketch of the methods by which he avoided the English police and kept himself informed of our movements. They certainly confirm the very high opinion which I had formed of his abilities. I am pleased to think that I shall be able to free society from any further effects of his presence, though I fear that it is at a cost which will give pain to my friends, and especially, my dear Watson, to you. I have already explained to you, however, that my career had in any case reached its crisis, and that no possible conclusion to it could be more congenial to me than this. Indeed, if I may make a full confession to you, I was quite convinced that the letter from Meiringen was a hoax, and I allowed you to depart on that errand under the persuasion that some development of this sort would follow. Tell Inspector Patterson that the papers which he needs to convict the gang are in pigeonhole M., done up in a blue envelope and inscribed "Moriarty." I made every disposition of my property before leaving England, and handed it to my brother Mycroft. Pray give my greetings to Mrs. Watson, and believe me to be, my dear fellow,
           Very sincerely yours, Sherlock Holmes
"'Have you any suggestion to make?' I asked.
      "'You must drop it, Mr. Holmes,' said he, swaying his face about. 'You really must, you know.'
      "'After Monday,' said I.
      "'Tut, tut,' said he. 'I am quite sure that a man of your intelligence will see that there can be but one outcome to this affair. It is necessary that you should withdraw. You have worked things in such a fashion that we have only one resource left. It has been an intellectual treat to me to see the way in which you have grappled with this affair, and I say, unaffectedly, that it would be a grief to me to be forced to take any extreme measure. You smile, sir, abut I assure you that it really would.'
      "'Danger is part of my trade,' I remarked.
      "'That is not danger,' said he. 'It is inevitable destruction. You stand in the way not merely of an individual, but of a mighty organization, the full extent of which you, with all your cleverness, have been unable to realize. You must stand clear, Mr. Holmes, or be trodden under foot.'
      "'I am afraid,' said I, rising, 'that in the pleasure of this conversation I am neglecting business of importance which awaits me elsewhere.'
      "He rose also and looked at me in silence, shaking his head sadly.
      "'Well, well,' said he, at last. 'It seems a pity, but I have done what I could. I know every move of your game. You can do nothing before Monday. It has been a duel between you and me, Mr. Holmes. You hope to place me in the dock. I tell you that I will never stand in the dock. You hope to beat me. I tell you that you will never beat me. If you are clever enough to bring destruction upon me, rest assured that I shall do as much to you.'
      "'You have paid me several compliments, Mr. Moriarty,' said I. 'Let me pay you one in return when I say that if I were assured of the former eventuality I would, in the interests of the public, cheerfully accept the latter.'
      "'I can promise you the one, but not the other,' he snarled, and so turned his rounded back upon me, and went peering and blinking out of the room.
      "That was my singular interview with Professor Moriarty. I confess that it left an unpleasant effect upon my mind. His soft, precise fashion of speech leaves a conviction of sincerity which a mere bully could not produce. Of course, you will say: 'Why not take police precautions against him?' the reason is that I am well convinced that it is from his agents the blow will fall. I have the best proofs that it would be so."
      "You have already been assaulted?"
      "My dear Watson, Professor Moriarty is not a man who lets the grass grow under his feet. I went out about midday to transact some business in Oxford Street. As I passed the corner which leads from Bentinck Street on to the Welbeck Street crossing a two-horse van furiously driven whizzed round and was on me like a flash. I sprang for the footpath and saved myself by the fraction of a second. The van dashed round by Marylebone Lane and was gone in an instant. I kept to the pavement after that, Watson, but as I walked down Vere Street a brick came down from the roof of one of the houses, and was shattered to fragments at my feet. I called the police and had the place examined. There were slates and bricks piled up on the roof preparatory to some repairs, and they would have me believe that the wind had toppled over one of these. Of course I knew better, but I could prove nothing. I took a cab after that and reached my brother's rooms in Pall Mall, where I spent the day. Now I have come round to you, and on my way I was attacked by a rough with a bludgeon. I knocked him down, and the police have him in custody; but I can tell you with the most absolute confidence that no possible connection will ever be traced between the gentleman upon whose front teeth I have barked my knuckles and the retiring mathematical coach, who is, I dare say, working out problems upon a blackboard ten miles away. You will not wonder, Watson, that my first act on entering your rooms was to close your shutters, and that I have been compelled to ask your permission to leave the house by some less conspicuous exit than the front door."
      I had often admired my friend's courage, but never more than now, as he sat quietly checking off a series of incidents which must have combined to make up a day of horror.
      "You will spend the night here?" I said.
      "No, my friend, you might find me a dangerous guest. I have my plans laid, and all will be well. Matters have gone so far now that they can move without my help as far as the arrest goes, though my presence is necessary for a conviction. It is obvious, therefore, that I cannot do better than get away for the few days which remain before the police are at liberty to act. It would be a great pleasure to me, therefore, if you could come on to the Continent with me."
      "The practice is quiet," said I, "and I have an accommodating neighbor. I should be glad to come."
      "And to start tomorrow morning?"
      "If necessary."
      "Oh yes, it is most necessary. Then these are your instructions, and I beg, my dear Watson, that you will obey them to the letter, for you are now playing a double-handed game with me against the cleverest rogue and the most powerful syndicate of criminals in Europe. Now listen! You will dispatch whatever luggage you intend to take by a trusty messenger unaddressed to Victoria tonight In the morning you will send for a hansom, desiring your man to take neither the first nor the second which may present itself. Into this hansom you will jump, and you will drive to the Strand end of the Lowther Arcade, handling the address to the cabman upon a slip of paper, with a request that he will not throw it away. Have your fare ready, and the instant that your cab stops, dash through the Arcade, timing yourself to reach the other side at a quarter-past nine. You will find a small brougham waiting close to the curb, driven by a fellow with a heavy black cloak tipped at the collar with red. Into this you will step, and you will reach Victoria in time for the Continental express."
      "Where shall I meet you?"
      "At the station. The second first-class carriage from the front will be reserved for us."
      "The carriage is our rendezvous, then?"
      "Yes."
      It was in vain that I asked Holmes to remain for the evening. It was evident to me that he though he might bring trouble to the roof he was under, and that that was the motive which impelled him to go. With a few hurried words as to our plans for the morrow he rose and came out with me into the garden, clambering over the wall which leads into Mortimer Street, and immediately whistling for a hansom, in which I heard him drive away.
      In the morning I obeyed Holmes's injunctions to the letter. A hansom was procured with such precaution as would prevent its being one which was placed ready for us, and I drove immediately after breakfast to the Lowther Arcade, through which I hurried at the top of my speed. A brougham was waiting with a very massive driver wrapped in a dark cloak, who, the instant that I had stepped in, whipped up the horse and rattled off to Victoria Station. On my alighting there he turned the carriage, and dashed away again without so much as a look in my direction.
      So far all had gone admirably. My luggage was waiting for me, and I had no difficulty in finding the carriage, which Holmes had indicated, the less so as it was the only one in the train which was marked "Engaged." My only source of anxiety now was the nonappearance of Holmes. The station clock marked only seven minutes from the time when we were due to start. In vain I searched among the groups of travelers and leave-takers for the little figure of my friend. There was no sign of him. I spent a few minutes in assisting a venerable Italian priest, who was endeavoring to make a porter understand, in his broken English, that his luggage was to be booked through to Paris.
      Then, having taken another look round, I returned to my carriage, where I found that the porter, in spite of the ticket, had given me my decrepit Italian friend as a traveling companion. It was useless for me to explain to him that his presence was an intrusion, for my Italian was even more limited than his English, so I shrugged my shoulders resignedly, and continued to look out anxiously for my friend. A chill of fear had come over me, as I thought that his absence might mean that some blow had fallen during the night. Already the doors had all been shut and the whistle blown, when—
      "My dear Watson," said a voice, "you have not even condescended to say good-morning."
      I turned in uncontrollable astonishment. The aged ecclesiastic had turned his face towards me. For an instant the wrinkles were smoothed away, the nose drew away from the chin, the lower lip ceased to protrude and the mouth to mumble, the dull eyes regained their fire, the drooping figure expanded. The next the whole frame collapsed again, and Holmes had gone as quickly as he had come.
      "Good heavens!" I cried; "how you startled me!"
      "Every precaution is still necessary," he whispered.
      "I have reason to think that they are hot upon our trail. Ah, there is Moriarty himself."
      The train had already begun to move as Holmes spoke. Glancing back, I saw a tall man pushing his way furiously through the crowd, and waving his hand as if he desired to have the train stopped. It was too late, however, for we were rapidly gathering momentum, and an instant later had shot clear of the station.
      "With all our precautions, you see that we have cut it rather fine," said Holmes, laughing. He rose, and throwing off the black cassock and hat which had formed his disguise, he packed them away in a handbag. "Have you seen the morning paper, Watson?"
      "No."
      "You haven't' seen about Baker Street, then?"
      "Baker Street?"
      "They set fire to our rooms last night. No great harm was done."
      "Good heavens, Holmes! this is intolerable."
      "They must have lost my track completely after their bludgeon-man was arrested. Otherwise they could not have imagined that I had returned to my rooms. They have evidently taken the precaution of watching you, however, and that is what has brought Moriarty to Victoria. You could not have made any slip in coming?"
      "I did exactly what you advised."
      "Did you find your brougham?"
      "Yes, it was waiting."
      "Did you recognize your coachman?"
      "No."
      "It was my brother Mycroft. It is an advantage to get about in such a case without taking a mercenary into your confidence. But we must plan what we are to do about Moriarty now."
      "As this is an express, and as the boat runs in connection with it, I should think we have shaken him off very effectively."
      "My dear Watson, you evidently did not realize my meaning when I said that this man may be taken as being quite on the same intellectual plane as myself. You do not imagine that if I were the pursuer I should allow myself to be baffled by so slight an obstacle. Why, then, should you think so meanly of him?"
      "What will he do?"
      "What I should do?"
      "What would you do, then?"
      "Engage a special."
      "But it must be late."
      "By no means. This train stops at Canterbury; and there is always at least a quarter of an hour's delay at the boat. He will catch us there."
      "One would think that we were the criminals. Let us have him arrested on his arrival."
      "It would be to ruin the work of three months. We should get the big fish, but the smaller would dart right and left out of the net. On Monday we should have them all. No, an arrest is inadmissible."
      "What then?"
      "We shall get out at Canterbury."
      "And then?"
      "Well, then we must make a cross-country journey to Newhaven, and so over to Dieppe. Moriarty will again do what I should do. He will get on to Paris, mark down our luggage, and wait for two days at the depot. In the meantime we shall treat ourselves to a couple of carpetbags, encourage the manufactures of the countries through which we travel, and make our way at our leisure into Switzerland, via Luxembourg and Basle."
      At Canterbury, therefore, we alighted, only to find that we should have to wait an hour before we could get a train to Newhaven. I was still looking rather ruefully after the rapidly disappearing luggage-van which contained my wardrobe, when Holmes pulled my sleeve and pointed up the line.
      "Already, you see," said he.
      Far away, from among the Kentish woods there rose a thin spray of smoke. A minute later a carriage and engine could be seen flying along the open curve, which leads to the station. We had hardly time to take our place behind a pile of luggage when it passed with a rattle and a roar, beating a blast of hot air into our faces.
      "There he goes," said Holmes, as we watched the carriage swing and rock over the point. "There are limits, you see, to our friend's intelligence. It would have been a coup-de-maître had he deduced what I would deduce and acted accordingly."
      "And what would he have done had he overtaken us?"
      "There cannot be the least doubt that he would have made a murderous attack upon me. It is, however, a game at which two may play. The question, now is whether we should take a premature lunch here, or run our chance of starving before we reach the buffet at Newhaven."
      We made our way to Brussels that night and spent two days there, moving on upon the third day as far as Strasburg.
      On the Monday morning Holmes had telegraphed to the London police, and in the evening we found a reply waiting for us at our hotel. Holmes tore it open, and then with a bitter curse hurled it into the grate. "I might have known it!" he groaned.
      "He has escaped!"
      "Moriarty?"
      "They have secured the whole gang with the exception of him. He has given them the slip. Of course, when I had left the country there was no one to cope with him. But I did think that I had put the game in their hands. I think that you had better return to England, Watson."
      "Why?"
      "Because you will find me a dangerous companion now. This man's occupation is gone. He is lost if he returns to London. If I read his character right he will devote his whole energies to revenging himself upon me. He said as much in our short interview, and I fancy that he meant it. I should certainly recommend you to return to your practice."
      It was hardly an appeal to be successful with one who was an old campaigner as well as an old friend. We sat in the Strasburg salle-à-manger arguing the question for half an hour, but the same night we had resumed our journey and were well on our way to Geneva. For a charming week we wandered up the Valley of the Rhone, and then, branching off at Leuk, we made our way over the Gemmi Pass, still deep in snow, and so, by way of Interlaken, to Meiringen.
      It was a lovely trip, the dainty green of the spring below, the virgin white of the winter above; but it was clear to me that never for one instant did Holmes forget the shadow which lay across him. In the homely Alpine villages or in the lonely mountain passes, I could tell by his quick glancing eyes and his sharp scrutiny of every face that passed us, that he was well convinced that, walk where we would, we could not walk ourselves clear of the danger which was dogging our footsteps.
      Once, I remember, as we passed over the Gemmi, and walked along the border of the melancholy Daubensee, a large rock which had been dislodged from the ridge upon our right clattered down and roared into the lake behind us. In an instant Holmes had raced up on to the ridge, and, standing upon a lofty pinnacle, craned his neck in every direction. It was in vain that our guide assured him that a fall of stones was a common chance in the springtime at that spot. He said nothing, but he smiled at me with the air of a man who sees the fulfillment of that which he had expected.
      And yet for all his watchfulness he was never depressed. On the contrary, I can never recollect having seen him in such exuberant spirits. Again and again he recurred to the fact that if he could be assured that society was freed from Professor Moriarty he would cheerfully bring his own career to a conclusion. "I think that I may go so far as to say, Watson, that I have not lived wholly in vain," he remarked. "If my record were closed tonight I could still survey it with equanimity. The air of London is the sweeter for my presence. In over a thousand cases I am not aware that I have ever used my powers upon the wrong side. Of late I have been tempted to look into the problems furnished by nature rather than those more superficial ones for which our artificial state of society is responsible. Your memoirs will draw to an end, Watson, upon the day that I crown my career by the capture or extinction of the most dangerous and capable criminal in Europe."
      I shall be brief, and yet exact, in the little which remains for me to tell. It is not a subject on which I would willingly dwell, and yet I am conscious that a duty devolves upon me to omit no detail.
      It was on the 3d of May that we reached the little village of Meiringen, where we put up at the Englischer Hof, then kept by Peter Steiler the elder. Our landlord was an intelligent man, and spoke excellent English, having served for three years as waiter at the Grosvenor Hotel in London. At his advice, on the afternoon of the 4th we set off together, with the intention of crossing the hills and spending the night at the hamlet of Rosenlaui. We had strict injunctions, however, on no account to pass the falls of Reichenbach, which are about halfway up the hill, without making a small detour to see them. It is indeed, a fearful place. The torrent, swollen by the melting snow, plunges into a tremendous abyss, from which the spray rolls up like the smoke from a burning house. The shaft into which the river hurls itself is a immense chasm, lined by glistening coal-black rock, and narrowing into a creaming, boiling pit of incalculable depth, which brims over and shoots the stream onward over its jagged lip. The long sweep of green water roaring forever down, and the thick flickering curtain of spray hissing forever upward, turn a man giddy with their constant whirl and clamor.
      We stood near the edge peering down at the gleam of the breaking water far below us against the black rocks, and listening to the half-human shout which came booming up with the spray out of the abyss. The path has been cut halfway round the fall to afford a complete view, but it ends abruptly, and the traveler has to return as he came. We had turned to do so, when we saw a Swiss lad come running along it with a letter in his hand. It bore the mark of the hotel which we had just left, and was addressed to me by the landlord. It appeared that within a very few minutes of our leaving, an English lady had arrived who was in the last stage of consumption. She had wintered at Davos Platz, and was journeying now to join her friends at Lucerne, when a sudden hemorrhage had overtaken her. It was thought that she could hardly live a few hours, but it would be a great consolation to her to see an English doctor, and, if I would only return, etc. The good Steiler assured me in a postscript that he would himself look upon my compliance as a very great favor, since the lady absolutely refused to see a Swiss physician, and he could not but feel that he was incurring a great responsibility.
      The appeal was one which could not be ignored. It was impossible to refuse the request of a fellow-countrywoman dying in a strange land. Yet I had my scruples about leaving Holmes. It was finally agreed, however, that he should retain the young Swiss messenger with him as guide and companion while I returned to Meiringen. My friend would stay some little time at the fall, he said, and would then walk slowly over the hill to Rosenlaui, where I was to rejoin him in the evening.
      As I turned away I saw Holmes, with his back against a rock and his arms folded, gazing down at the rush of the waters. It was the last that I was ever destined to see of him in this world. When I was near the bottom of the descent I looked back. It was impossible, from that position, to see the fall, but I could see the curving path which winds over the shoulder of the hill and leads to it. Along this a man was, I remember, walking very rapidly. I could see his black figure clearly outlined against the green behind him. I noted him, and the energy with which he walked but he passed from my mind again as I hurried on upon my errand.
      It may have been a little over an hour before I reached Meiringen. Old Steiler was standing at the porch of his hotel. "Well," said I, as I came hurrying up, "I trust that she is no worse?"
      A look of surprise passed over his face, and at the first quiver of his eyebrows my heart turned to lead in my breast. "You did not write this?" I said, pulling the letter from my pocket. "There is no sick Englishwoman in the hotel?"
      "Certainly not!" he cried. "But it has the hotel mark upon it! Ha, it must have been written by that tall Englishman who came in after you had gone. He said—"
      But I waited for none of the landlord's explanations. In a tingle of fear I was already running down the village street, and making for the path which I had so lately descended. It had taken me an hour to come down. For all my efforts two more had passed before I found myself at the fall of Reichenbach once more. There was Holmes's Alpine-stock still leaning against the rock by which I had left him. But there was no sign of him, and it was in vain that I shouted. My only answer was my own voice reverberating in a rolling echo from the cliffs around me.
      It was the sight of that Alpine-stock which turned me cold and sick. He had not gone to Rosenlaui, then. He had remained on that three-foot path, with sheer wall on one side and sheer drop on the other, until his enemy had overtaken him. The young Swiss had gone too. He had probably been in the pay of Moriarty, and had left the two men together.
      And then what had happened? Who was to tell us what had happened then? I stood for a minute or two to collect myself, for I was dazed with the horror of the thing. Then I began to think of Holmes's own methods and to try to practice them in reading this tragedy. It was, alas, only too easy to do. During our conversation we had not gone to the end of the path, and the Alpine-stock marked the place where we had stood. The blackish soil is kept forever soft by the incessant drift of spray, and a bird would leave its tread upon it. Two lines of footmarks were clearly marked along the farther end of the path, both leading away from me. There were none returning.
      A few yards from the end the soil was all plowed up into a patch of mud, and the branches and ferns which fringed the chasm were torn and bedraggled. I lay upon my face and peered over with the spray spouting up all around me. It had darkened since I left, and now I could only see here and there the glistening of moisture upon the black walls, and far away down at the end of the shaft the gleam of the broken water. I shouted; but only the same half-human cry of the fall was borne back to my ears.
      But it was destined that I should after all have a last word of greeting from my friend and comrade. I have said that his Alpine-stock had been left leaning against a rock which jutted on to the path. From the top of this boulder the gleam of something bright caught my eye, and, raising my hand, I found that it came from the silver cigarette-case which he used to carry. As I took it up a small square of paper upon which it had lain fluttered down on to the ground. Unfolding it, I found that it consisted of three pages torn from his notebook and addressed to me. It was characteristic of the man that the direction was a precise, and the writing as firm and clear, as though it had been written in his study.
      "

      A few words may suffice to tell the little that remains. An examination by experts leaves little doubt that a personal contest between the two men ended, as it could hardly fail to end in such a situation, in their reeling over, locked in each other's arms. Any attempt at recovering the bodies was absolutely hopeless, and there, deep down in that dreadful caldron of swirling water and seething foam, will lie for all time the most dangerous criminal and the foremost champion of the law of their generation. The Swiss youth was never found again, and there can be no doubt that he was one of the numerous agents whom Moriarty kept in this employ.
      As to the gang, it will be within the memory of the public how completely the evidence which Holmes had accumulated exposed their organization, and how heavily the hand of the dead man weighted upon them. Of their terrible chief few details came out during the proceedings, and if I have now been compelled to make a clear statement of his career it is due to those injudicious champions who have endeavored to clear his memory by attacks upon him whom I shall ever regard as the best and the wisest man whom I have ever known.